February 22, 2021 15:00 PM
KASI’s global CCI improved by a single point in January driven by advancement in the index of current economic conditions which moved up by 4 points while the index of future expectations remained unchanged.
The job prospects index witnessed the largest gain in January rising by 8 points. The household income and the general economic conditions indices for the city and country all increased by 1 point. On the contrary, both the household spending and discretionary spending indices stumbled by 2 points while the household personal financial situation index fell by 3 points
Cameroon, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania all witnessed gains in their indices with Tanzania’s CCI recording the largest expansion of 7 points. Meanwhile, consumer sentiment in Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Kenya deteriorated with Ivory Coast’s CCI declining furthest by 5 points.
Consumer confidence in Africa had a modest improvement rising by 1 point from 4 to 5 for the 1st month of the year. As the index of future expectations stalled at 14 from the previous month, this improvement in the CCI can be fully attributed to the index of current economic conditions which grew by 4 points climbing to -19 from -23.
The experience in recent months has been mixed for African households. Governments have taken diverse approaches in managing their countries depending on the Covid-19 situation. In Ghana, for example, the government reintroduced measures in January due to rising cases including restricting restaurants to operate only on a take-away basis. At the same time, governments in countries like Kenya and Nigeria have fully reopened schools as the Covid-19 situation is not as dire as that in some of their counterparts. Furthermore, the emergence of Covid-19 mutations from South Africa and the United Kingdom that are considered to be more deadly has meant that individuals from these countries, or those transiting through these countries, have been banned from entering certain countries or face stricter restrictions. All these occurrences have elicited varied feelings within African households.
According to the Africa CDC, as of 19th February 2021, the number of Covid-19 infections in the continent stood at 3,796,354 with 100,294 deaths and 3,346,404 recoveries.
Households report optimism on their job prospects while discretionary spending subsides after picking up pace in the last quarter of 2020.
The mixed perception of the state of the economy is also reflected in the various sub-indices focusing on the economic and financial situation for households. After slipping by a single point in December, the job prospects index rebounded by 8 points in January from -51 to -43 which is the highest level recorded since the outbreak of the pandemic in March last year. Similarly, the general economic condition indices for both the city and country and the household income index all bounced back by 1 point after sliding in December.
Whereas the personal financial situation and discretionary spending indices heightened towards the end of 2020, this trend failed to be maintained in 2021 as both indices shrunk by 3 and 2 points respectively. With the Christmas shopping season concluding, households’ reduced expenditure on discretionary goods hence leading to the weakening of the discretionary spending index which had experienced growth in the last quarter of 2020. Negative momentum was also reported for the purchasing power index which contracted by 2 points in January.
Consumer confidence in Ivory Coast slides amid expected setbacks in its cocoa sector while Tanzania’s consumer confidence bounces back
Akin to last month, consumer confidence across the countries tracked in our index was varied. Consumer confidence in Cameroon, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania heightened in January with Tanzania being the best performer as its index progressed by 7 points from 24 to 31 after shrinking in December. The boost in Tanzania’s consumer sentiment can be attributed to both the index of future expectations and the index of current economic conditions which strengthened by 6 and 11 points respectively. Apart from the discretionary spending index that fell by 4 points, all the other sub-indices for Tanzania advanced. The biggest increase was in the job prospects index which surged by 26 points attaining its highest level of 7, last recorded in February 2020. Household personal financial situation and income indices rose by 3 and 10 points respectively while the purchasing power index increased by 5 points. Finally, Tanzania’s general economic condition indices for the city and country climbed by 5 and 7 points respectively. While the recovery in consumer sentiment is a good sign for the Tanzanian economy, the country’s Covid-19 situation is bleak. Communication on the Covid-19 numbers by the government has been absent since April 2020. Moreover, the various protocols to prevent the spreading of the virus are lacking. As such, governments across the world have issued travel warnings to Tanzania as Covid-19 cases and related deaths have grown significantly in recent months.
For Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Kenya, their consumer sentiment backpedaled in January. The largest drop in consumer confidence was in Ivory Coast which regressed by 5 points after growing in December. This reversal in Ivory Coast’s consumer sentiment is fully attributed to the index of future expectations which withered by 7 points while the index of current economic conditions increased by a point. Ivory Coast’s indices on economic conditions for the city and country fell by 6 and 9 points respectively. Additionally, its household income, personal financial situation, and purchasing power indices dwindled by 8, 6, and 10 points respectively. Ivory Coast’s discretionary spending index stagnated while its job prospects index moved up by 2 points. In January, the European Union announced that it is expected to ratify laws aimed at environmental protection and the mitigation of child labor in cocoa production later in 2021. While this is positive news for Ivory Coast’s social protection, it may not go well for cocoa production especially as Ivory Coast is one of the world’s top exporters of cocoa with Europe being the biggest destination for the country’s cocoa exports. The possibility of stricter laws applied to its cocoa production may have affected consumers’ future expectations of the economy hence driving down consumer confidence.
Retailers in the discretionary goods space face a slump in sales with the holiday shopping season concluding
The modest improvement in the continent’s consumer confidence index suggests that there is some optimism within African households. However, the disparity of consumer sentiment across the various countries implies that the positive outlook is not uniform across the continent, and as such, instead of looking at the continent’s overall outlook, businesses must also examine the consumer outlook at the country level. What is clear from January’s data is the fact that retailers in the discretionary goods space will face a slump in their sales given that the Christmas holiday shopping season is over and households have reported a reduction in discretionary spending as illustrated by the discretionary spending index.
“With the performance of consumer sentiment differing across countries, there is no universal picture that can be painted for retailers operating in Africa. Retailers will need to consider the context within which they operate and make decisions based on these considerations as well as their organizational strategy and objectives.”
By Davies Nyachieng'a, Economic Intelligence Group at KASI.
#coronavirusafrica #covid19 #Employment #Kenya #Cameroon #Nigeria #Ghana #IvoryCoast #Tanzania #SouthAfrica
About the methodology
KASI Consumer Confidence Score (KASI CCI) is a composite index compiled from a seven-question survey that runs monthly via our consumer polls in the countries covered. The data output is based on a fresh, randomly selected representative sample of city dwellers aged 18-64. Released the first week of every month, KASI CCI provides a focused view on consumer perceptions in seven African urban centers (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Tanzania) where most spending in the continent is concentrated.
For each question, the final metric will be a ‘balance measure’ of the percentage of positive responses minus the percentage of negative responses. The overall metric will be an average across all the questions.
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